[13] In 1137, Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon. [citation needed]. [167][168][169][170][needs update] However, some of these policies have been criticised for trying to promote Catalan by imposing fines on businesses. Tió means log in Catalan. The Royal Catalonia. The most significant conflict concerning the governing monarchy was the War of the Spanish Succession, which began when the childless Charles II of Spain, the last Spanish Habsburg, died without an heir in 1700. Our Community. Tensions between Catalan institutions and the Monarchy began to arise. This matrimonial union was transformed into a personal union when the son of this marriage, Alfonso the … of Wisconsin Press, Climent-Ferrando, Vicent. In the field of architectural rationalism, which turned especially relevant in Catalonia during the Republican era (1931-1939) highlighting Josep Lluís Sert and Josep Torres i Clavé, members of the GATCPAC and, in contemporany architecture, Ricardo Bofill and Enric Miralles. There are several UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Catalonia: The oldest surviving literary use of the Catalan language is considered to be the religious text known as Homilies d'Organyà, written either in late 11th or early 12th century. [171] The Catalan government gave in and dropped the clause that forced 50% of the movies to be dubbed or subtitled in Catalan before the law came to effect. The traditional figurines often included are the three wise men on camels or horses, which are moved every day or so to go closer to the manger, a star with a long tail in the background to lead people to the spot, the annunciation with shepherds having a meal and an angel appearing (hanging from something), a washer lady washing clothes in the pond, sheep, ducks, people carrying packages on their backs, a donkey driver with a load of twigs, and atrezzo such as a starry sky, miniature towns placed in the distance, either Oriental-styled or local-looking, a bridge over the river, trees, etc. facebook twitter youtube instagram pinterest × Do you like this content? These counties formed part of the historiographically known as the Gothic and Hispanic marches, a buffer zone in the south of the Frankish empire in the former province of Septimania and in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to act as a defensive barrier for the Frankish empire against further Muslim invasions from Al-Andalus.[29]. Besides the aforementioned authors, other relevant 20th-century writers of the Francoist and democracy periods include Joan Brossa, Agustí Bartra, Manuel de Pedrolo, Pere Calders or Quim Monzó. Catalan painters internationally known are, among others, Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró and Antoni Tàpies. 8 / 10 TRÈS BIEN. Dades demogràfiques i de qualitat de vida", "Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (Article 6)", Enquesta d'usos lingüístics de la població 2008, "Idescat. There are at present 948 municipalities (municipis) in Catalonia. For a century the County was ruled directly by the Frank counts. [25] From the next prehistoric era, the Epipalaeolithic or Mesolithic, important remains survive, the greater part dated between 8000 and 5000 BC, such as those of Sant Gregori (Falset) and el Filador (Margalef de Montsant). The hydrographic network can be divided in two sectors, an occidental slope or Ebro river slope and one oriental slope constituted by minor rivers that flow to the Mediterranean along the Catalan coast. Lately, a similar sociolinguistic phenomenon has occurred with foreign immigration. [38] Within a brief period France took full control of Catalonia. "Spanish Region of Catalonia: Using Debt to Get Rich". Parties supporting independence from the rest of Spain obtained 49.12% of the votes and a majority of 74 seats. The Serra del Cadí comprises the highest peaks in the Pre-Pyrenees and forms the southern boundary of the Cerdanya valley. Catalan and Occitan (Aranese in Aran) are the own languages of Catalonia and Aran (respectively) and official languages of the autonomous community of Catalonia according with its Statue of Autonomy. Just over 30,000 square kilometres (12,000 square miles) hosting a variety of substrates, soils, climates, directions, altitudes and distances to the sea. The ban, which went into effect on 1 January 2012, had originated in a popular petition supported by over 180,000 signatures.[180]. The pro-Republic of Spain president of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, was taken to Spain from his exile in the German-occupied France, and was tortured and executed in the Montjuïc Castle of Barcelona for the crime of 'military rebellion'. [82] Other polls have shown lower support for independence, ranging from 40 to 49%. COUNTS - THE ORIGINS OF CATALONI A 2 x 52', 4 x 30 (CAT, ENG subs) In the 9th centur y Catalonia was par t of the Carolingian empire. ), Catalonia nevertheless preserved its own laws, cortes (or corts), and language (akin to Provençal). There are some examples of Renaissance (such as the Palau de la Generalitat), Baroque and Neoclassical architectures. Sovereign of the County of Barcelona and later, by recognition and extension, of the Principality of Catalonia, from the 10th century up to the 18th century. Map of the Principality of Catalonia 1608 courtesy of ICGC (Institute of Cartography and Geography of Catalonia). [191], Catalonia is internationally recognized for its fine dining. TRÈS BIEN 8 / 10. As wealth from the industrial expansion grew, it saw a cultural renaissance coupled with incipient nationalism while several workers movements appeared. Some groups consider these efforts a way to discourage the use of Spanish,[151][152][153][154] whereas some others, including the Catalan government[155] and the European Union[156] consider the policies respectful,[157] or even as an example which "should be disseminated throughout the Union".[158]. Translation: Count of Catalonia . facebook twitter youtube instagram pinterest. 476–477 1999 Univ. In retaliation for the betrayal, and inspired by the French absolutist style of government, the first Bourbon king introduced the Nueva Planta decrees, that incorporated the lands of the Crown of Aragon, including the Principality of Catalonia, as provinces under the Crown of Castile in 1716, terminating their separate institutions, laws and rights, as well as their pactist politics, within a united kingdom of Spain. Most of the justice system is administered by national judicial institutions, the highest body and last judicial instance in the Catalan jurisdiction, integrating the Spanish judiciary, is the High Court of Justice of Catalonia. Memory and Avant-garde. Catalan vineyards also have several Denominacions d'Origen wines, such as: Priorat, Montsant, Penedès and Empordà. In 1992, Barcelona hosted the Summer Olympic Games. Use of Catalan in the mass media had been forbidden, but was permitted from the early 1950s[49] in the theatre. The oldest known trace of human occupation is a mandible found in Banyoles, described by some sources as pre-Neanderthal some 200,000 years old; other sources suggest it to be only about one third that old. During the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), Catalonia revolted (1640–1652) against a large and burdensome presence of the royal army, being briefly proclaimed a republic under French protection, until it was largely reconquered by the Spanish army. During the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalonia regained self-government and is now one of the most economically dynamic communities of Spain. The counts of Barcelona emerged as the most powerful rulers in Catalonia. Since then they have both used the same arms . The Catalan Coastal Range hugs the coastline, and it is split into two segments, one between L'Estartit and the town of Blanes (the Costa Brava), and the other at the south, at the Costes del Garraf. A quiet and lovely hotel in central Berlin. The geography is conditioned by the Mediterranean coast, with 580 kilometres (360 miles) of coastline, and large relief units of the Pyrenees to the north. Both the 1979 Statute of Autonomy and the current one, approved in 2006, state that "Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an Autonomous Community in accordance with the Constitution and with the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, which is its basic institutional law, always under the law in Spain". Catalonia was divided, the coast and most industrialized areas support liberalism, while many inland areas were in the hands of Carlists, as the last ones proposed to reestablish the institutional systems suppressed in the Nueva Planta decrees in all the ancient realms of the Crown of Aragon. For the historic political entity, see, Autonomous community in northeastern Spain, Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) and Franco's rule (1939–1975), Transition and democratic period (1975–present), Anthropic pressure and protection of nature. Dissatisfaction in Catalonia … Casa Ugalde Mediterranean Nature. Apply. Por país de nacionalidad", "Catalans woo immigrants in quest to split from Spain", "Idescat. Elevation ranges from 200 to 600 metres (660 to 1,970 feet). Some books were published clandestinely or circumvented the restrictions by showing publishing dates prior to 1936. Public-own roads in Catalonia are either managed by the autonomous government of Catalonia (e.g.,  C-  roads) or the Spanish government (e.g.,  AP- ,  A- ,  N-  roads). Comarques have no particular relation to the "counties" that were ruled by counts. Laws had to be approved in the General Court of Catalonia, one of the first parliamentary bodies of Europe that banned the royal power to create legislation unilaterally (since 1283). [96], The Preamble of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia states that the Parliament of Catalonia has defined Catalonia as a nation, but that "the Spanish Constitution recognizes Catalonia's national reality as a nationality". [30] At the beginning of eleventh century the Catalan counties suffered an important process of feudalisation, partially controlled by the church's sponsored Peace and Truce Assemblies and by the negotiation skills of the Count of Barcelona Ramon Berenguer I, which began the codification of feudal law in the written Usages of Barcelona, becoming the basis of the Catalan law. It held annually the fourth-oldest still-existing cycling stage race in the world, the Volta a Catalunya (Tour of Catalonia). From the 2017 independence referendum until the end of 2018, for example, Catalonia 5454 companies they transferred their Social headquarters In other cities in the rest of Spain, such as Valencia, Alicante, Madrid and Mallorca. In 718, the … [91] The final local referendum was held in Barcelona, in April 2011. Catalonia, like other territories that formed the Crown of Aragon, rose up in support of the Austrian Habsburg pretender Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, in his claim for the Spanish throne as Charles III of Spain. In Catalonia that wave of internal migration arrived from several regions of Spain, especially from Andalusia, Murcia[133] and Extremadura. Coastal trading colonies were established by the ancient Greeks, who settled around the Gulf of Roses, in Emporion (Empúries) and Roses in the 8th century BC. The Catalan Mediterranean system is based on two ranges running roughly parallel to the coast (southwest–northeast), called the Coastal and the Pre-Coastal Ranges. The 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia establishes the administrative organisation of three local authorities: vegueries, comarques, and municipalities. The Catalan constitutions were the laws of the Principality of Catalonia promulgated by the Count of Barcelona and approved by the Catalan Courts. The first counts were franc. [52] Today, Catalonia is one of the most economically dynamic communities of Spain. In 1258, by means of the Treaty of Corbeil, James I of Aragon King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona, king of Mallorca and of Valencia, renounced his family rights and dominions in Occitania and recognised the king of France as heir of the Carolingian Dynasty. During the last steps of the Dictatorship, Barcelona celebrated the 1929 International Exposition,[43] while Spain began to suffer an economical crisis. between the counts of Barcelona and the kings of Aragon gave rise to the kingdom of Catalonia and Aragon, which built a medieval maritime and commercial empire in the Mediterranean. Three of The World's 50 Best Restaurants are in Catalonia,[192] and four restaurants have three Michelin stars, including restaurants like El Bulli or El Celler de Can Roca, both of which regularly dominate international rankings of restaurants.[193]. Catalonia). The Catalan Coastal mountain ranges or the Catalan Mediterranean System: an alternating delevacions and planes parallel to the Mediterranean coast; This page was last edited on 16 January 2021, at 00:26. This autonomous community has gradually achieved more autonomy since the approval of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. It is bordered by France (Occitanie) and Andorra to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south. An example of such settlements would be La Draga, an "early Neolithic village which dates from the end of the 6th millennium BC."[27]. Both play in La Liga. Gramàtica històrica catalana, Barcelona; see also Miguel Vidal's "Etymology of català, Catalunya", available. And the demand for a sovereign state o f the Catalan nation goes back to this time. [1], In the context of the financial crisis of 2007–2008, Catalonia was expected to suffer a recession amounting to almost a 2% contraction of its regional GDP in 2009. Baroque and Counter Reformation. [88][89] Other polls have shown lower support for independence, ranging from 40 to 49%. [32] The Courts were composed of the three Estates, were presided over by the king of Aragon, and approved the constitutions, which created a compilation of rights for the citizenship of the Principality. Other large species such as the bear have been recently reintroduced. The new Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, approved after a referendum in 2006, was contested by important sectors of the Spanish society, especially by the conservative People's Party, which sent the law to the Constitutional Court of Spain. Top 25 The Royal Monastery of Santes Creus. Present. Then, on 9 August 2006, when the new Statute came into force, Occitan became official throughout Catalonia. It has five channels: TV3, El 33, Super3, 3/24, Esport3 and TV3CAT. Catalan cultural activity increased in the 1960s and the teaching of Catalan began thanks to the initiative of associations such as Òmnium Cultural. The tradition of els Castells i els Castellers was declared Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2010. Modernism. Of course, churches forgo this figurine, and the main nativity scene of Barcelona, for instance, likewise does not feature it. The journey between Barcelona and Madrid now takes about two-and-a-half hours. After Isabella's death, Ferdinand II personally ruled both kingdoms. Facebook Twitter Pinterest. 2.2. As a coastal territory, Catalonia became the base of the Aragonese Crown's maritime forces, which spread the power of the Aragonese Crown in the Mediterranean, and made Barcelona into a powerful and wealthy city. Share it! During the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, the Civil War (Generation of '36) and the Francoist period, Catalan literature was maintained despite the repression against the Catalan language, being often produced in exile. Mapa. From 1137, when Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona was betrothed to Petronila, queen of Aragon, Catalonia and Aragon were united under the same ruler. Por país de nacionalidad. Unusually the flags of the Counts of Barcelona and Kings of Aragón are the arms rotated through 90 degrees: ie four red horizonatal stripes on a gold background. Heritage on the map Apply. Catalan art Catalan art. Casa … The inland part (including the Lleida province and the inner part of Barcelona province) show a mostly Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa). Any 2010", "Ley 16/1990, de 13 de julio, sobre el régimen especial del Valle de Arán", Aprovació del Pla territorial parcial de l'Alt Pirineu i Aran, "El Parlament reconeix l'àmbit funcional del Penedès", "Comparar Comunidades Autónomas Madrid vs Cataluña 2020", "Catalunya mantiene el papel de locomotora de España en el 2018", "S&P mantiene la deuda de Cataluña en "bono basura, "Standard & Poor's degrada la calificación de Catalunya a 'bono basura, "Rating: Calificación de la deuda de las Comunidades Autónomas", "Barcelona, la octava mejor ciudad del mundo para vivir y trabajar", "BBVA no descarta que la economía catalana caiga un 2% • ELPAÍS.com". In 1137, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona decided to accept King Ramiro II of Aragon's proposal to marry Queen Petronila, establishing the dynastic union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon, creating the Crown of Aragon and making the Catalan counties that were united under the county of Barcelona into a principality of the Aragonese Crown. After the transition to democracy (1975–1978) and the restoration of the Generalitat (1977), literary life and the editorial market have returned to normality and literary production in Catalan is being bolstered with a number of language policies intended to protect Catalan culture. Present. The current collection of the Museu Diocesà d'Urgell (Diocesan Museum of Urgell) is a reference point of sacred art in which the, Els museus de Tarragona i les Terres de l'Ebre, Giravolt. On 11 September 2012, a pro-independence march pulled in a crowd of between 600,000 (according to the Spanish Government), 1.5 million (according to the Guàrdia Urbana de Barcelona), and 2 million (according to its promoters);[92][93] whereas poll results revealed that half the population of Catalonia supported secession from Spain. [109] On 14 July 2010 the Catalan Parliament approved the creation of the functional area of the Penedès.[110]. Modernism. Top 25 Miravet Castle. 217 Currency Change in Pre-millennial Catalonia: Coinage, Counts and Economics JONATHAN JARRETT BARCELONA in the late tenth century was on the verge of becoming a commercial as well as a political capital. Ana María Matute, Jaime Gil de Biedma, Manuel Vázquez Montalbán and Juan Goytisolo are among the most prominent Catalan writers in the Spanish language since the democratic restoration in Spain. The Executive Council (in Catalan: Consell Executiu) or Government (Govern), is the body responsible of the government of the Generalitat, it holds executive and regulatory power. Romanticism and Industrialization. Franco's regime banned the use of Catalan in government-run institutions and during public events, and also the Catalan institutions of self-government were abolished. When the Counts of Barcelona became Kings of Aragón, the two territories of Aragon and Catalonia were united under one monarch. The fauna of Catalonia comprises a minority of animals endemic to the region and a majority of non-native animals. At the northern entrance to the cathedral of Barcelona (Catedral de la Santa Creu i Santa Eulàlia – in short La Seu) you are able to see a small sculpture (a high-relief) that shows this legendary saint. "Catalunya va créixer un 3,3% el 2015, una dècima més que Espanya", "Structural Funds programmes in Catalonia – (2000–2006)", "CaixaBank traslada su sede a Valencia y La Fundación Bancaria La Caixa y Criteria a Palma", "Banco Sabadell traslada su domicilio social a Alicante", "Spain completes Iberia's high-speed link to Europe", "High speed services between France and Spain launched", "Barcelona to Paris from €35 in 6h29m | Times, Tickets & Info", "Idescat. Overview. The Iberians of this area – the Ilergetes, Indigetes and Lacetani (Cerretains) – also maintained relations with the peoples of the Mediterranean. Lowlands alternate with the Costal and Pre-Costal Ranges. During those years, Barcelona was the focus of important revolutionary uprisings, called "bullangues", causing a difficult relation between many sectors of Catalan society and the central government and, in Catalonia, a republican current began to develop; also, inevitably, many Catalans favored a more federal Spain. Location. [128][129] This new line passes through Girona and Figueres with a tunnel through the Pyrenees. As of 2017, the official population of Catalonia was 7,522,596. [40] From the second third of 18th century onwards Catalonia carried out a successful process of proto-industrialization, reinforced in the late quarter of the century when Castile's trade monopoly with American colonies ended. Numerous laws regarding for instance the labelling of pharmaceutical products, make in effect Spanish the only language of compulsory use. After the electoral victory of the Popular Front in February 1936, the Government of Catalonia was pardoned and the self-government restored. Apply. Search terms . On Christmas Day or on Christmas Eve, a game is played where children march around the house singing a song requesting the log to poop, then they tap the log gently with a stick, as if a magic wand, to make it poop, and lo and behold, as if through magic, it poops candy, and sometimes other small gifts. The wealth of the four counties that its ruler, Count-Marquis Borrell II (945–93), controlled had been growing throughout his reign. Catalonia is organised territorially into provinces, further subdivided into comarques and municipalities. Several directors have gained worldwide renown thanks to this genre, starting with Jaume Balagueró and his series REC (co-directed with Valencian Paco Plaza), Juan Antonio Bayona and El Orfanato or Jaume Collet-Serra with Orphan, Unknown and Non-Stop. The Parliament of Catalonia (in Catalan: Parlament de Catalunya) is the legislative body of the Generalitat and represents the citizens of Catalonia. Average on all counts - See 3,426 traveller reviews, 1,781 candid photos, and great deals for Catalonia Barcelona Plaza at Tripadvisor. Year Date Event 1018: Countess Ermesinde of Carcassonne became regent of Barcelona, Girona and Osona after the death of her husband, the count Ramon Borrell. See also. In everyday use, 11.95% of the population claim to use both languages equally, whereas 45.92% mainly use Spanish and 35.54% mainly use Catalan. The difference is due to the big contribution of the Ebro river, from which the Segre is an important tributary. 217 Currency Change in Pre-millennial Catalonia: Coinage, Counts and Economics JONATHAN JARRETT BARCELONA in the late tenth century was on the verge of becoming a commercial as well as a political capital. A connection to the French high-speed TGV network has been completed (called the Perpignan–Barcelona high-speed rail line) and the Spanish AVE service began commercial services on the line 9 January 2013, later offering services to Marseille on their high speed network. [130] The sizeable increase of the population was due to the demographic boom in Spain during the 60s and early 70s[132] as well as in consequence of large-scale internal migration from the rural economically weak regions to its more prospering industrial cities. Catalonia has given to the world many important figures in the area of the art. "Every life counts," a placard reads at a demonstration for migrants' rights in Badalona, Spain | Photo: Judit Alonso. After the Carthaginian defeat by the Roman Republic, the north-east of Iberia became the first to come under Roman rule and became part of Hispania, the westernmost part of the Roman Empire. During the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), the Crown of Aragon sided against the Bourbon Philip V of Spain; following Catalan defeat on 11 September 1714, Philip V imposed a unifying administration across Spain, enacting the Nueva Planta decrees which, like in the other realms of the Crown of Aragon, suppressed the Catalan institutions and rights. The territorial plan of Catalonia (Pla territorial general de Catalunya) provided six general functional areas,[108] but was amended by Law 24/2001, of 31 December, recognizing the Alt Pirineu i Aran as a new functional area differentiated of Ponent. It was the first area of Hispania conquered by the Romans. The oldest known trace of human occupation is a mandible found in Banyoles, described by some sources as pre-Neanderthal some 200,000 years old; other sources suggest it to be only about one third that old. With 1,950,000 TEUs in 2015, it is the first container port in Catalonia, the third in Spain after Valencia and Algeciras in Andalusia, the 9th in the Mediterranean Sea, the 14th in Europe and the 68th in the world. The expansion was accompanied by a great development of the Catalan trade, creating an extensive trade network across the Mediterranean which competed with those of the maritime republics of Genoa and Venice. The criminal justice system is uniform throughout Spain, while civil law is administered separately within Catalonia. In 803 the Franks named Bera, a Gothic tycoon, the first Count of Barcelona. Each municipality is run by a council (ajuntament) elected every four years by the residents in local elections. The forerunner of modern Catalonia sees the light in the early middle ages with the establishment of the Catalan counties.Aften Charlemagne conquered Barcelona, the Frankish Kings During created Marca Hispanica, a territory that would defend them against the threat from the south: the Moors.. In 718, it came under Muslim control and became part of Al-Andalus, a province of the Umayyad Caliphate. This process was boosted by, amongst other things, national protectionist laws [es] (although the policy of the Spanish government during those times changed many times between free trade and protectionism) and the conditions of proto-industrialization of the prior two centuries of the Catalan urban areas and its countryside. Worn first by Josep Maria Forn or Bigas Luna, then by Marc Recha, Jaime Rosales and Albert Serra, this genre has achieved some international recognition. Many savings banks were based in Catalonia before the independence referendum of 2017, with 10 of the 46 Spanish savings banks having headquarters in the region at that time. Comarques have no particular relation to the "counties" that were ruled by counts. Upload media: Instance of: position, noble title: Subclass of: head of state, count: Location: Crown of Aragon : Applies to jurisdiction: County of Barcelona: Authority control Q38673587. This is accompanied by a certain agricultural abandonment (decrease of 15% of all areas cultivated in Catalonia between 1993 and 2009) and a global threat to natural environment. After the fall of the First Spanish Republic and the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty (1874), Catalan nationalism grew in importance. Jean Guilaine, Michel Barbaza, David Geddes, Jean-Louis Vernet, Miguel Llongueras & Maria Hopf (1982) Prehistoric Human Adaptations in Catalonia (Spain), Journal of Field Archaeology, 9:4, 407-416. Catalan art Catalan art. The Catalans won triumphs in waterpolo competitions at European and world level by club (the Barcelona was champion of Europe in 1981/82 and the Catalonia in 1994/95) and national team (one gold and one silver in Olympic Games and World Championships). They often give the kings letters with their gift requests, which are collected by the pages. Following the death of his paternal (House of Habsburg) grandfather, Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, he was also elected Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, in 1519. In 1808, it was occupied by French troops; the resistance against the occupation eventually developed into the Peninsular War. It involves well-pondered perception of situations, level-headedness, awareness, integrity, and right action. Other popular musical styles were born in the second half of the 20th century such as Nova Cançó from the 1960s with Lluís Llach and the group Els Setze Jutges, the Catalan rumba in the 1960s with Peret, Catalan Rock from the late 1970s with La Banda Trapera del Río and Decibelios for Punk Rock, Sau, Els Pets, Sopa de Cabra or Lax'n'Busto for pop rock or Sangtraït for hard rock, electropop since the 1990s with OBK and indie pop from the 1990s. Memory and Avant-garde. Catalonia Born: will return on a lot of counts.... - See 2,288 traveler reviews, 418 candid photos, and great deals for Catalonia Born at Tripadvisor. The area is of great ecological diversity and a remarkable wealth of landscapes, habitats and species. El patrimoni cultural català en 3D, The Diocesan and Regional Museum of Solsona, Romanesque weekend: from the Ripollès to Northern Catalonia, Festival de Música Clàssica de Prada (Prada Classical Music Festival), Romanesque weekend: the Pallars and the Alt Urgell, Sucession and the Peninsular War, among others. Definitions of Catalonia, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of Catalonia, analogical dictionary of Catalonia (English) ... the Middle Ages in a number of these petty kingdoms organised as small counties throughout the northernmost part of Catalonia. Payne, Stanley Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977, pp. This allows families to visit and dine with different sectors of the extended family, or get together with friends on the second day. Renaissance. Comarques (singular: "comarca") are entities composed by the municipalities to manage their responsibilities and services. Between 1812 and 1814, Catalonia was annexed to France and organized as four départements. 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