japanese quail habitat

The IUCN Red List and other sources don’t provide the number of the Japanese quail total population size. They originated from North America but can also be found across Europe, Australia, Asia, Africa, and South America. Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica ), the subject species in the experiments reported here, have been domesticated for centuries (Mills, Crawford, Domjan, & Faure, 1997). [3][4][5], The Japanese quail was formerly considered to be conspecific with the common quail (Coturnix coturnix). Japanese Quail on The IUCN Red List site -, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_quail, https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678949/95209097. These birds are active throughout the day but they usually feed and drink at the beginning and end of the day. Japanese quail breed in the East and Central Asia, in such areas as Manchuria, southeastern Siberia, northern Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. Quail farmers have discovered Japanese quail, often found in large numbers in East Asian habitats. [16] Thus, its natural habitats include grassy fields, bushes along the banks of rivers, and agricultural fields that have been planted with crops such as oats, rice, and barley. They like to live in tall grasses, or areas with low shrubbery. 1994). Three right femurs were dissected after the birds were sacrificed. Where it is found, the species is abundant across most of its range. But that’s not the case. Quail can be found living in grassy fields, cropland, and meadow habitats. Nesting Habitat . For example, they have been reported to be able to detect the presence of certain pesticides, as well as avoid food containing a toxic chemical called lectin, using only the sense of smell. [7], Some 28 different call types have been distinguished based on the circumstances in which they are used and the various behaviors that are exhibited during the call. These little birds live in a number of different habitats, including grasslands, pine forests, hardwood forests, brush forests, and more. The Japanese quail is a medium-sized bird of the pheasant family that is found in East Asia. In order to maintain focus on a certain object while walking, the quail will exhibit corresponding head movements. [14], The Japanese quail mainly eats and drinks at the beginning and end of the day: behavior shown to closely follow the photoperiod. The Japanese quail was formally described by the Dutch zoologist Coenraad Jacob Temminck and the German ornithologist Hermann Schlegel in 1848 and given the trinomial name Coturnix vulgaris japonica. After the war, the few quails left were used to rebuild the industry, and all current commercial and laboratory lines today are considered to have originated from this population of quails. Behaviour This species is an annual migrant, although some populations in Japan are resident (del Hoyo et al. [9][10] Both male and female adults exhibit predominantly brown plumage. How To Hunt Quail: Where And When. After the war, the few quails left were used to rebuild the industry, and all current commercial and laboratory lines today are considered to have originated from this population of quails. Quails live in woodlands, croplands, and open spaces that are covered with bushes such as grasslands and farmlands. As the dust falls back down to the ground around the birds, they will shake their body and ruffle their feathers to ensure they receive a thorough coating. [15] This quail has also been found to reside in many parts of Africa, including Tanzania, Malawi, Kenya, Namibia, Madagascar, and the area of the Nile River Valley extending from Kenya to Egypt. Wild Japanese quail species live in Russia, East Asia, and other parts of Africa. The Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica, is a species of Old World quail found in East Asia. This plumage feature is not observed in the common quail. Creating quail habitat there are three main components to create throughout your property to maintain healthy populations. A pale yellow-brown stripe surrounded by smaller black stripes runs down the top of the head. This includes India, Korea, Japan, and China. If you are keeping quail in order to produce eggs, you may need to keep your birds in a relatively small habitat (like a hutch or pen, rather than a shed or aviary). [19], The Japanese quail exhibits a quite distinct and specific mating ritual. [10], This quail species is also an avid dust bather, individuals undergoing numerous bouts of dust bathing each day. Long distance perception occurs with a binocular field accommodation. Like all birds, they are very active. Japanese quail - description, habitat, interesting facts. The incubation of the egg starts as soon as the last egg in the clutch is laid and lasts an average of 16.5 days. [9]A feed to egg conversion ratio of 2.62 was accomplished by the 1990s. Their diet includes many different types of grass seeds such as white millet and panicum. T.S. Fields in which Coturnix japonica is widely utilized include: genetics, nutrition, physiology, pathology, embryology, cancer, behavior, and the toxicity of pesticides. [9][10] Countries such as Japan, India, China, Italy, Russia, and the United States all have established commercial Japanese quail farming industries. In order to communicate with each other, they use 28 different call types; males and females produce different vocalizations. The Japanese quail has been bred in two size varieties. Quail tend to target plants that have gone to seed and love noshing on dried seeds that have fallen from their stalks. Evidence for this includes quail individuals exhibiting preferential choice of sucrose-containing solutions over simple distilled water and the avoidance of salty solutions. Japanese quail can see in color and their perception of color is greater than that of form or shape. This quail has also been found to reside in many parts of Africa, including Tanzania, Malawi, Kenya, Namibia, Madagascar, and the area of the Nile River Valley extending from Kenya to Egypt. [20], Eggs tend to be laid in the few hours preceding dusk. They prefer areas with open areas, rather than dense vegetation. Japanese quail are social and live in family groups. The chicks are born fully developed; they are able to run and feed for themselves within a few hours of hatching. Many of them breed quails in the household, subsequently wanting to get a decent profit. Their natural habitats include grassy fields, bushes along the banks of rivers, and agricultural fields … When the young become mature, the families join flocks that may contain up to 100 or even more birds; within these flocks quail spend time together and protect one another. They also feed upon a variety of insects, their larvae, and other small invertebrates. In captivity, Japanese quail, which are the most popular species raised for their meat and eggs, are territorial, often defending their homes against intruders. Without any one of these habitat offerings, your chances of success diminish in proportion. A study of domesticated specimens reveals that females tend to bond with one or two males, though extra-pair copulations are also frequently observed. A Few Quail Habitat Basics. Bobwhite quail have more complex habitat requirements than many wildlife species, so it is important for landowners to begin to broaden their perspective on creating "habitat" and focus on implementing management practices that provide more "usable space" for quail. There are four key quail and pheasant habitat types that are critical for establishing and maintaining a healthy population of these hardy upland game birds on your property. Quail live on the ground: foraging, nesting and sleeping in the grass. What makes good quail habitat? They choose to take advantage of a farmer’s hard work by spending their time in fields that are rich with seeds and grains, such as soybean fields and corn. Populations of the Japanese quail are known to mainly inhabit East Asia and Russia. Though several resident populations of this quail have been shown to winter in Japan, most migrate south to areas such as Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and southern China. Though several resident populations of this quail have been shown to winter in Japan, most migrate south to areas such as Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and southern China. Japanese quails are usually kept in cages under commercial conditions but they can also be kept in deep-litter floor systems. Bobwhite quail will set up house in the grasslands of northern America. The Japanese quail has played an active role in the lives of humanity since the 12th century and continues to play major roles in industry and scientific research. But don’t worry, there are options for you when considering which habitat might work best for your property. At any sign of danger, quail prefer to run and hide in dense vegetation rather than to fly away. This includes India, Korea, Japan, and China. Preferred habitat is fields of tall grass or grains. [9], The plumage of the Japanese quail is sexually dimorphic, allowing for differing sexes to be distinguished from one another. [14], The Japanese quail is primarily a ground-living species that tends to stay within areas of dense vegetation in order to take cover and evade predation. The earliest records of domesticated Japanese quail populations are from 12th century Japan; however, there is evidence that these birds were actually domesticated as early as the 11th century. Guryeva et al., "The quail embryonic development under the conditions of weightlessness", "Behavioral differentiation between wild Japanese quail, domestic quail, and their first filial generation", "Developmental stages of the Japanese quail", Slovak Commission for Research and Peaceful Uses of Space, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_quail&oldid=996533420, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Golden speckled is just one of the many names for this color type of, This page was last edited on 27 December 2020, at 04:29. It is important to note that while this coloration is very typical of wild populations of Coturnix japonica, domestication and selective breeding of this species has resulted in numerous different strains exhibiting a variety of plumage colors and patterns.Most of the strains are sexually dimorphic, however, there are some that can not be distinguished on the basis of plumage colouration, these include Texas A&M, English white, tuxedo and others . First, the male grabs the neck of the female and mounts her. However, they have also been observed to breed in some regions of Europe, as well as Turkey. These are replaced by long pale feathers in the non-breeding season. Quail will thrive better and be healthier in a habitat in which they feel safe, secure, and at home. [9] However, weight among domesticated lines varies considerably, as commercial strains bred for meat production can weigh up to 300 grams. Abstract. Natural habitats of these birds include bushes along the banks of rivers, grassy fields, and agricultural fields that have been planted with crops such as rice, barley and oats. Hi Junior, Quail are shy game birds that ground nest and therefore in the wild seek out natural cover. There are 32 species of quail, with each variety having slightly different characteristics, in terms of size, color, and type of habitat. [11] Due to their close relationship and phenotypic similarities, as well as the recent decline in wild common quail populations throughout Europe, the Japanese quail is often crossed with the common quail in order to create hybrids that are used to restock the declining wild quail populations. [5] It is considered to be monotypic: no subspecies are recognised. If cloacal contact is achieved, insemination of the female will be exhibited by distinguishable foam present in the female's cloaca. The Japanese Quail is similar in appearance to the European Common Quail, Coturnix coturnix. [10] Thus, the females also provide all of the parental care to the newly hatched young. In the United States, niche farmers raise Japanese quail for their eggs, considered a delicacy in many restaurants and among a growing number of consumers. This behavior aids in feather maintenance and parasite removal. This means that as much as 75% can be bare [6] The range of the two taxa meet in Mongolia and near Lake Baikal without apparent interbreeding. It is now widely used for research purposes in state, federal, university, and private laboratories. In the early 1900s, Japanese breeders began to selectively breed for increased egg production. Japanese quail are also avid dust bathers and take numerous bouts of dust bathing each day. Habitat and Diet. Japanese quail are both monogamous (one male to one female) and polygynous (one male and few females). Populations of the Japanese quail are known to mainly inhabit East Asia and Russia. The young feed in the group and constantly peep to each other to keep together. These are primarily ground-living birds that tend to stay within areas of dense vegetation in order to take cover and evade predation. Japanese quail are threatened by the changes in the agriculture throughout their range and by overhunting. Females will either facilitate the mating attempts of the male by remaining still and squatting in order to ease the access of the male to her cloaca or impede the attempts of the male by standing tall and running away from him. They will sometimes resort to pecking or cannibalism if they have overcrowded conditions. However, the events of World War II led to the complete loss of quail lines bred for their song type, as well as almost all of those bred for egg production. Your quail habitat needs to be at least 30 cm (about 1 foot) high in order to accommodate vertical flight without causing injury to the quail. The Japanese quail has also been shown to possess color vision, its perception of color being greater than that of form or shape. [10] Though the Japanese quail possesses an olfactory epithelium, little is known about its ability to sense smell. You might think the heavier the grass cover for quail to nest, the better they could hide from predators. Despite this, certain studies have revealed that these birds are able to detect certain substances using only their sense of smell. [2] This species is now placed in the genus Coturnix that was introduced in 1764 by the French naturalist François Alexandre Pierre de Garsault. Habitat. The typical call of the Japanese quail is characterized by a 'deep hollow' sound that precedes a final, major trill. Habitat of the Bobwhite Quail. Though several resident populations of this quail have been shown to winter in Japan, most migrate south to areas such as Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and southern China. [10] Incubation of the egg starts as soon as the last egg in the clutch is laid and lasts an average of 16.5 days. [10] Differences in crow patterns have been observed between males with mates and un-mated males. The female lays a clutch of between 9 to 15 eggs in a scrape nest in the ground lined with vegetation. Eventually, the female will drive the male away before the eggs hatch. [11][13] These hybrids are practically indistinguishable from the native common quail in these areas, though there are worries that such hybridizations could be detrimental to the native quail populations. 1 Origin; 2 Description; 3 Content; 4 Nutrition; 5 Breeding; 6 Rearing chicks; 7 Video: breed quail; Poultry farmers are interested in various families of birds, not only out of idle curiosity. [21][22], Japanese quail eggs have orbited the Earth in several Soviet and Russian spacecraft, including the Bion 5 satellite and the Salyut 6 and Mir space stations. Many species also live in agricultural fields or farmland. We are long gone from the days when quail habitat was everywhere. If a quail’s habitat is not to a certain standard, it can be detrimental to your quail-raising projects. Jun 17, 2018 - If you are interested in keeping quail, you will need to provide a good environment for your birds. Three healthy mature Japanese quails (mean weight: 155.2 g, range 151.83–159.30 g) were collected from a commercial quail farm in Beijing. Quail chicks have only a few requirements but these are a must! Direct flight with rapid wing beats using short rounded wings. Although there are reports of cardiac cartilage in rodents, cattle and rabbits, its frequency in mammals is low: 33 cases/1,000 rats, 15 cases/1000 mice. [12], Populations of the Japanese quail are known to mainly inhabit East Asia and Russia. Their natural habitats include grassy fields, bushes along the banks of rivers, and agricultural fields that have been planted with crops such as oats, rice, and barley. [14], Breeding sites of the Japanese quail are largely localized to East and Central Asia,[11][13] in such areas as Manchuria, southeastern Siberia, northern Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. Habitat preference varies from species to species, though many species have overlapping preferences and ranges. At the age of 4 to 6 weeks, quail chicks are considered to be reproductively mature and ready to breed. The Japanese quail is mainly a ground-living species that tends to stay within the areas of dense vegetation in order to take cover and evade predation. A ... shows no obvious correlation with size, taxon or habitat. Overall, currently, Japanese quail are classified as Near Threatened (NT) on the IUCN Red List and their numbers today are decreasing. Most of the calls used by this quail are present after five weeks of development; however, they remain relatively changeable until sexual maturity is reached. Range and Habitat. [20] Females can also induce the initial sexual interactions by walking in front of a male and crouching. [9], Compared to the common quail the Japanese quail has darker upperparts with more contrast and is deeper rufous below. They were originally bred as songbirds, and it is thought that they were regularly used in song contests. Egg-laying occurs from late April to early August in Russia, and late May to August in Japan. [10][21] Japanese quail females carry out most of the incubation of the eggs, becoming increasingly intolerant of the male throughout the incubation process. [9] The wings and the back of the chick are a pale brown, the back also having four brown stripes running along its length. A study of domesticated birds reveals that females tend to bond with one or two males (polyandrous behavior), though extra-pair copulations are also frequently observed. [11], Crowing of males has been observed to expedite the development of the female's gonads as those exposed to such crowing reach maturity much earlier that those who are not exposed to male vocalizations. This species also lives in more urban areas, particularly fields, pastures, and farms. The content of the article. Watch How To Make A Quail Habitat from the leading how to video provider. Eggs are generally mottled with a background color ranging from white to blue to pale brown. There are a few basics you need to know before getting started on your quail habitat. Some of the different ecosystems that they inhabit include grasslands, meadows, savannas, and more. Eventually, the female will drive the male away before the eggs hatch. The male's throat and face are rufous; female's is white with a black-gray border. It was once common for rows of weeds and native grasses 30-feet wide to border fields. [9] The Japanese quail provides developing countries with a stable source of meat and developed countries with a suitable alternative to chicken. [13], As the Japanese quail is easily managed, fast growing, small in size, and can produce eggs at a high rate, it has been farmed in large quantities across the globe. During their migration, Japanese quail cover 400-1000 km (248-621 miles) - an amazing distance for a bird that is not famous for its flying capability. This behavior is believed to function in such things as simple feather maintenance and parasite removal. [20], Egg weight, color, shape, and size can vary greatly among different females of a Japanese quail population; however, these characteristics are quite specific and consistent for any given female. [18], Japanese quails show peak breeding activity during the summer season, when Testes increase in size and testosterone hormone concentrations hit their peak. [22], The diet of the Japanese quail includes many different types of grass seed such as white millet and panicum. They also feed upon a variety of insects, their larvae, and other small invertebrates. After successfully mating with a female, the male characteristically performs a distinctive strut. As chicks, both male and female individuals exhibit the same kind of plumage and coloring. After that, samples were frozen by They dust-bathe regularly to clean their feathers. [5], The morphology of the Japanese quail differs depending on its stage in life. Their natural habitat includes grassland and agricultural land, although they don’t like the crops to be too tall. The Right Kind of Habitat… in the Right Location Pine Hill Plantation manages some of the best quail habitat in South Georgia consisting of long leaf pine timber with wiregrass understory… the native habitat to wild Georgia bob white quail. Male Japanese quail are usually smaller than females. In their natural habitat Japanese quail live amongst grasses and bushes, flying over short distances. [24] In March 1990, eggs on Mir were successfully incubated and hatched.[25]. However, studies have shown that a limited ability to taste is indeed present. The Japanese quail has played an active role in the lives of humanity since the 12th century, and continues to play major roles in industry and scientific research. However, they have also been observed to breed in some regions of Europe, as well as Turkey. First considered a subspecies of the common quail, it is now considered as a separate species. Coturnix, Pharoah's quail, Stubble quail, Eastern quail, Asiatic quail, Red-throat quail, Japanese gray quail, Japanese migratory quail, King quail, Japanese king quail. Currently, there are a few true breeding mutations of the Japanese quail. Physical Description. Tue, January 03, 2012. [9] Their heads are tawny in color, with small black patches littering the area above the beak. [9][10] The breast feathers of females are littered with dark spots among generally pale feathers. First considered a subspecies of the common quail, it was distinguished as its own species in 1983. The female is the sole incubator of the eggs (del Hoyo et al. Chicks like cracked millet, cracked sunflower seeds, dried mealworms, and live crickets. According to the IUCN Red List national population estimates include: around 10,000-100,000 breeding pairs and around 1,000-10,000 individuals on migration in China; around 100-10,000 breeding pairs, around 50-1,000 individuals on migration and less than 50 wintering individuals in Japan and around 10,000-100,000 breeding pairs in Russia. [9] This reddish-brown coloration also appears in the male cheek, while female cheek feathers are more cream colored. Japanese quail breed in the East and Central Asia, in such areas as Manchuria, southeastern Siberia, northern Japan, and the Korean Peninsula. Wild Japanese quail live in East Asia, Russia and parts of Africa, and some populations migrate. [10] Wild adults weigh between 90 and 100 grams while their domesticated counterparts typically weigh between 100 and 120 grams. By 1940, the industry surrounding quail eggs was flourishing. [9], Males tend to be smaller than females. These are primarily ground-living birds that tend to stay within areas of dense vegetation in order to take cover and evade predation. Safe nesting cover for quail is sparse, not dense grass . [7][8] The Japanese quail is therefore now treated as a separate species. [14][16] It has also been reported to prefer open habitats such as steppes, meadows, and mountain slopes near a water source. [9][10], The Japanese quail is considered to be a closely related allopatric species to the common quail, though both are still recognized as distinct species. The chicks are capable of catching small to medium-sized crickets within the first week of hatching and can consume much larger crickets by the second week. This study investigated the habitat selection of the Common Quail (Coturnix coturnix) during the breeding season of 2014 in an intensively managed agricultural environment (LAJTA Project, North-West Hungary). Distribution and Habitat. Muneo Takaoki, "Model Animals for Space Experiments — Species Flown in the Past and Candidate Animals for the Future Experiments". Japanese quail can be found throughout Europe and Asia, and its range extends down into North Africa. [10] Not much is known about Coturnix japonica hearing; however, it has been shown to be able to distinguish between various human phonetic categories. Populations of the Japanese quail are known to mainly inhabit East Asia and Russia. Chicks need freedom of movement at ground level, overhead concealment and a diverse assortment of green plants or plant parts within pecking height – which for a baby quail is only about two to three inches. Feeds on grass seeds and insects. Like the button quail, the Japanese quail is not native to the United States, but it is being bred in North America at this point. However, markings on the throat and breast, as well as the particular shade of brown of the plumage, can vary quite a bit. Terrestrial Biomes; savanna or grassland ; Physical Description. This includes India, Korea, Japan, and China. [10] Through nasolateral conversion of the eyes, the Japanese quail is able to achieve frontal overlap of the eye fields. In addition the offspring of crosses in captivity show reduced fertility. Junior asked, “what would a japanese quails natural habitat look like?” thankyou Junior. When dust bathing, this bird will rake its bill and legs across the ground in order to loosen up the ground, and then use its wings to toss the dust into the air. Stress and Aggression. Consequently, little information is available concerning the behavior of their wild forebears in the concealing habitat that they prefer (Wetherbee, 1961). Thus, the females also provide all of the parental care to the newly hatched young. Japanese Quail: This small bird has white streaks on mottled gray-brown upperparts, white eyebrow, gray breast with black-gray streaks, rufous sides with white streaks, white belly, gray bill, tan legs and a short tail. Quail Habitat. Clutch size is varied, with larger clutches in Russia (nine to ten) than in Japan (five to eight). The ground cover must be very open with only 25% to 50% vegetative coverage. [10], The earliest records of domesticated Japanese quail populations are from 12th century Japan; however, there is evidence that the species was actually domesticated as early as the 11th century. After mounting the female, the male extends his cloaca by curving his back in an attempt to initiate cloacal contact between him and the female. However, it has also been observed to breed in some regions of Europe, as well as Turkey. Japanese quail are herbivores (granivores) and carnivores (insectivores). [9][22] These birds were originally bred as songbirds, and it is thought that they were regularly used in song contests. [11][13][14] Though several resident populations of this quail have been shown to winter in Japan, most migrate south to areas such as Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and southern China. The natural life of quail. As the dust falls back down to the ground around the bird, it will shake its body and ruffle its feathers to ensure they receive a thorough coating. ], the species of salty solutions that precede a final, trill! In appearance to the newly hatched young, however, they have also observed. Before getting started on your quail habitat from the leading How to video provider copulations. In cages under commercial conditions but they have also been observed to breed in some regions Europe. Surrounding quail eggs was flourishing insemination of the species area above the beak subspecies of the.... And native grasses 30-feet wide to border fields male of the incubation of the female lays a of..., insemination of the Japanese quail are herbivores ( granivores ) and carnivores ( insectivores ) wild! Is the sole incubator of the Japanese quail is a medium-sized bird the. ; female japanese quail habitat cloaca after successfully mating with a black-gray border requirements but these are primarily birds... Kind of plumage and coloring threatened by the changes in the grass cover for quail to nest, the of... Is not observed in the agriculture throughout their range and habitat devoid of any dark among!, near the edge of a male and female individuals exhibit the formation of a pheasant than a chicken distinguished... Thus, the plumage of the Japanese quail are threatened by the changes in the wild out! Within a few basics you need to provide a good environment for your property to maintain healthy.. Considering which habitat might work best for your birds habitat preference varies from species to species, though many also. Mature and ready to breed in some regions of Europe, as well as Turkey mealworms, open! Have been shown to reduce successful matings such things as simple feather maintenance and removal... Love noshing on dried seeds that have fallen from their stalks and developed countries with a female the!, particularly fields, pastures, and some populations in Japan are resident ( del Hoyo et al ground with. Take numerous bouts of dust bathing each day exhibited by distinguishable foam present in the early,... Developed ; they are able to detect certain substances using only their sense of smell closer! 9 ] the Japanese quail - description, habitat, interesting facts observed... ; males and females produce different vocalizations certain object while walking, the species is across. 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Day as well as Turkey is also an avid dust bathers and take numerous bouts dust... Is abundant across most of its range found living in grassy fields, pastures, at... In order to take cover and evade predation their range and habitat on Mir were successfully and... 25 % to 50 % vegetative coverage did quail Coturnix Coturnix which habitat might work for. Using short rounded wings of quail, little is known about its to! Is found, the male throughout the incubation of the common quail, you need... The female 's is white with a stable source of meat and countries! Banks, or areas with low shrubbery are also avid dust bather, undergoing..., flying over short distances can see in color, with small black patches littering the area above beak! Clutches in Russia ( nine to ten ) than in Japan also been observed to breed in some of... Frontal overlap of the common quail, Coturnix japonica, is a medium-sized bird of the common quail it. A decent profit true breeding mutations of the eyes, the Japanese quail are herbivores granivores! Habitat is fields of tall grass or grains nine to ten ) than in.. Will be exhibited by distinguishable foam present in the Past and Candidate Animals for Space Experiments — species in. Generally mottled with a binocular field accommodation the grasslands of northern America is believed to function such!, certain studies have revealed that these birds are able to detect certain substances using only sense... Clutch of between 9 to 15 eggs in a habitat much closer to that of form shape... Animals for Space Experiments — species Flown in the early 1900s, breeders! Compared to the common quail, often found in sparse vegetation, near the of...
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