consequences of human trafficking in nigeria

September 10, 2020 • Human trafficking, a form of modern day slavery, involves the illegal trade of people for exploitation or commercial gain and is a $150 billion global industry. (According to Italian authorities, there are between 10,000 to 30,000 Nigerian women working in prostitution on the streets of Italy.) CHAPTER ONE. google_ad_height = 600; Human Trafficking in Nigeria; Meaning, Causes, Effects, Possible Solutions, Rape in Nigeria; Notable Cases, Causes, Effects, Possible Solutions, Kidnapping in Nigeria; Meaning, Notable Cases, Causes, Effects, Possible Solutions, 11 Notable List of Corruption Cases in Nigeria, Conflict between two Tiv clans averted, while troops killed five militia. Besides drugs trafficking and gun running, human trafficking has become a lucrative business globally and yields an estimated US$32 million annually. Human trafficking has harsh adverse effects on the population growth of European countries where trafficked persons are taken to. The majority of those forced into human trafficking are forced into the commercial sex trade or forced labor. Your email address will not be published. For more information, please email info@pathfindersji.org. And, even when they are aware, they still agree to these terms because of the promise of greener pastures. In 2017, a total of 18,000 Nigerian migrants were recorded to have arrived into Europe via the Mediterranean, 5,400 of which were women (UNHCR, 2018). Also, children from other West African nations like Togo, Ghana, and the Benin Republic are brought to Nigeria and forced to work tedious jobs in inhumane conditions. Let us know. • There are more readily available statistics on the numbers of women who are trafficked from Nigeria into Europe, particularly into Italy. This paper presents the causes and consequences of the trafficking of women from Nigeria to America and Europe. Organ trafficking has been on the rise in Libya. Impact Of Human Trafficking In Nigeria. The federal government of Nigeria has continued to put in an effort to combat the menace of human trafficking, especially with the establishment of Anti-trafficking organization like the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Person’s (NAPTIP) – whose public enlightenment unit works in rural areas of Benue, Kogi, and Edo States, introducing grassroots programs, and even holding an annual race against human trafficking, with the first edition in Edo State, in 2009, with 5,000 runners – and the Women Trafficking and Child Labour Eradication Foundation (WOTCLEF). Essay On Human Trafficking In Nigeria 713 Words | 3 Pages. The children suffer from lack of self-esteem, emotional disturbance, disorientation, and depressio… • The overwhelming majority of trafficking victims and migrants make the treacherous journey from Edo State (particularly Benin) and Delta States to Kano, from where they are smuggled into Niger or Algeria before traversing 500 miles over the Sahara Desert into Libya. Effects of human trafficking in Nigeria Human trafficking has adverse effects on the individual and nations involved. Required fields are marked *. Traffickers are trained to identify vulnerability and use expert manipulation tactics to persuade and control their victims. One of the main causes of human trafficking in Nigeria is the complete disregard for human rights. Over 120 women, youth, educators, law enforcement, legal practitioners, media professionals, health caregivers, and community volunteers were trained between July 2015 to May 2016 from 6 states in Nigeria. • Our solution to Nigeria’s sex trafficking problem is Project Restore, a Project we are painstakingly designing to holistically address the issue by providing customized interventions in local government areas, beginning in Edo State. Human trafficking is a terrible menace to a nation and must be snuffed out quickly. Stigmatization is another adverse effect of human trafficking. Thus, they are sold into slavery and sexual exploitation or forced into marriages. In Africa, a total of 955 prosecutions (down from 1,253 in 2018) and 2,112 convictions (up from 1,190 in 2018) were generated in 2019. Human trafficking in Nigeria has assumed unimaginable dimension in the last two decades due to several factors which include globalization, economic recession, poverty, conflicts, weak legal system, and lack of adequate legislation and of political will. Consequences of human trafficking The victims of trafficking are exploited and abused, suffer from different infection contaminations and diseases (more often sexually transmitted diseases such as Hepatitis, Syphilis, and HIV), physical and psycho injuries, and even death. First, and most important, is the development of the country by the federal government in terms of infrastructure, job creation, and poverty alleviation. This stigma affects, adversely, their already depleting mental and emotional state, and worsens their psychological trauma. The countries where these young women and children are taken to begins to experience overpopulation, as the immigration rate increases. CHAPTER ONE. According to the same Report, most reported male victims of trafficking are age 11 and under, with most female victims (the overwhelming majority of identified victims in Nigeria) being over 18 years of age. 99% of the 4.8 million victims of commercial sexual exploitation in 2016 were women and girls, with one in five being children (ILO, 2017). Unemployment and a lack of job opportunities, like poverty, can quickly lead one into the deceptive hands of human traffickers. This study identifies the major causes of child trafficking that stand as a bottleneck in Nigeria. In conclusion, having stated the reasons and consequences of human trafficking, it is deemed as an unacceptable act and must be stopped. The major reasons for the persistence of the ugly phenomenon of human trafficking in Nigeria include pervasive poverty, unemployment, greed etc for the purpose of forced labour, domestic servitude, sexual exploitation, and rituals. They are forced into heavy physical labor in hazardous environment. That restoration requires government engagement, empowered communities and access for individuals. In August 2017, the current Edo State Governor, Mr. Godwin Obaseki, launched the Edo State Task Force Against Human Trafficking to fight the scourge of human trafficking and unsafe migration in the State. The media and the general public should also provide relevant information regarding the illegal activity of human traffickers to the appropriate agencies. Women and girls trafficked to European nations are forced to engage in illicit commercial sex, and so are exposed to all forms of sexually transmitted diseases and infections. Download Undergraduate Projects Topics and Materials Accounting, Economics, Education Codification of the Task Force to investigate and prosecute trafficking cases in Edo (total of 38 investigations and 22 pending prosecutions in 2019- down from 56 investigations and 20 prosecutions in 2018), following an allocation of N242 million by the state government) occurred on May 23, 2018 when Governor Obaseki signed into law the Edo State Trafficking in Persons Prohibition Bill (2018) in Abuja. Trafficked persons are smuggled into these European countries as illegal immigrants, and not as registered citizens, and thus, there’s an increase in population growth, and this eventually affects a country’s development. Based on current knowledge (Out, 2003), Nigeria is a major supplier, consumer and also a transit route for human trafficking. Traffickers prey on others weaknesses, unfortunate circumstances, unfamiliarity, and inexperience. Eventually, they’re trafficked to European countries and face harsher conditions than they did in their own countries. This study focuses on the causes, effects and remedies of Child . These and many other commendable efforts have been taken to prevent trafficking in persons. Lack of adequate legislation and of political will and commitment to enforce existing legislation or mandates are other factors that facilitate trafficking in persons. domestic servitude. Human trafficking of Nigerian women to Italy began in the 1980s because of the demand for low skilled labour in agriculture and services. The crime rate is also affected, as most illegal immigrants smuggled into these European countries engage in illegal activities to make ends meet. Most rescued victims from NAPTIP’s 2019 Report remain from Edo State, with Imo and Delta States following. While, boys are taken for the purpose of begging, mining, and domestic servitude. Per the latest Global Slavery Index (2018) Report, Nigeria ranks 32/167 of the countries with the highest number of slaves – 1,386,000 – and its National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) reports that the average age of trafficked children in Nigeria, recently downgraded to a Tier 2 Watch country on the U.S. State Department’s Trafficking In Persons Report (2020), is 15. To win the fight against human trafficking we must understand why it is happening. Read Also: Armed kidnappers attack community, kill 2, kidnap 3. To advance our goal of structural transformation on the African continent, we are building a community of survivors who are becoming awakened to their potential and are not only poverty reduction driven, but are laser focused on wealth creation for themselves, their local communities and the continent. Also, in most nations ridden by insurgency and terrorism like Nigeria, terrorist groups might abduct women and children during raids and attacks, and these women and children are subjected to inhumane jobs in terrorist camps like sex slavery, and could sometimes be commercially sold to other human traffickers. according to the United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), Nigeria was said to be one of the leading African countries as regards trafficking in persons, both within and outside its borders. As such, we are working to ensure that every young woman in Nigeria has access, i.e., an opportunity to live a life that is dignified and one that is graced with self determination; one where she is not robbed of agency. There are different forms of human trafficking in Nigeria. Root causes of Human trafficking contd. Any action taken as a result of information, analysis, or advertisement on this site is ultimately the responsibility of the reader. Read more… Terms of Use. The individual is exposed to the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and infections, and, worst-case scenario, death. google_ad_width = 300; According to the United Nations, the smuggling route from East, North and West Africa to Europe is said to generate $150 million in annual profits ( $35 billion globally). Human Trafficking is a criminal network and business which yields enormous profits. However, it is undisputed that principally due to Nigeria’s population, Nigeria is routinely listed as one of the countries with the largest number of trafficking victims overseas (particularly in Europe), with victims identified in 34 countries in four regions in 2018. This paper presents the causes and consequences of the trafficking of women from Nigeria to America and Europe. Nigeria border is having a bad reputation through the porosity of the border which is easily accessible illegally for committing different kinds of crime like smuggling of people, trafficking of people, foodstuff, cloth, … CNN contends that Edo State is the most trafficked through destination in Africa. By definition, child trafficking involves agents for the illegal movement of human beings for illicit commercial and business dealings. domestic servitude. Human trafficking has adverse effects on the individual and nations involved. google_ad_slot = "8444795376"; According to IOM, in July 2018, over 60,000 Nigerians remained trapped in Libya, with 50% of them hailing from Edo State. The individual is exposed to the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and infections, and, worst-case scenario, death. Prior to the abolition of slave trade and slavery in the early 19th century, human beings were sold as commodities to merchants by kings and warriors in exchange for goods. Also pretty alarming is his claim that of those who perished on the journey, 68% were Nigerian university graduates. (2015). Lack of adequate legislation and of political will and commitment to enforce existing legislation or mandates are other factors that facilitate trafficking in persons. Law enforcement agencies like The Nigeria customs service, The Nigerian police force, and The Nigerian immigration service should provide organizations like NAPTIP with relevant intelligence to help prohibit individuals from being trafficked across the nation’s borders. Traffickers trade on human lives, subject them to gory and traumatic experiences in order to … The Government of Nigeria maintained strong anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts. Again, Nigerians were not within the top 10 nationalities of those registered with IOM in Libya, the country which many experts have considered the unsafe migration gateway into Europe (particularly from Sub-Saharan Africa) in recent years. the traffickers. Therefore, the government and bodies who are capable of putting a stop to this act should do everything within their power to put an end to it, and any effort to combat this act must include scrapping out the roots, i.e. It is why individuals in underdeveloped areas are more prone to being trafficked. Also, programmes should be put in place by relevant authorities to educate the public on human trafficking and its dangers. google_ad_client = "ca-pub-9755093768544960"; It finally recommends measures for controlling the increasing incidence of women and children trafficking in Nigeria. The law's prescribed penalties of five years' imprisonment and/or a $670 fine for labor trafficking, 10 years' imprisonment for trafficking of children for forced begging or hawking, and 10 years to life imprisonment for sex trafficking are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape. ©2018 PathFinders Justice Initiative, Inc. 47,079 registered refugees and asylum-seekers in Libya, no longer within the top ten nationalities, Edo State Task Force Against Human Trafficking, signed into law the Edo State Trafficking in Persons Prohibition Bill (2018), Common Agenda for Migration and Mobility Agreement, largest category for Nigerian female trafficking victims. Human trafficking is globally recognized as a modern day slavery with multifarious negative socio-economic, legal and health implications. Women and girls represented 84% of the 15.4 million people in forced marriages, and 59% of those in private forced labour (8.7 Alliance 2017 Report). trafficking especially as it concerns women and children trafficking. Of the over 70,000 African victims of women trafficking, Nigerian women account for 70 percent of those trafficked to Italy alone. The general public is not left out as well. Human trafficking in Nigeria is caused by a number of reasons, ranging from poverty to unemployment and illiteracy. A more recent December 2018 UN Report notes narratives by Nigerian migrants of unlawful killings, gang rape, prostitution, arbitrary detention, torture and inhumane treatment, unpaid wages, slavery, human trafficking, racism and xenophobia in Libya.) NAPTIP further contends that 75% of those who are trafficked within Nigeria are trafficked across states, while 23% are trafficked within states. In this article, we highlight the root causes of human trafficking in Nigeria. But for the purpose of synthesis, we would like to organize our ideas around, on the one hand, the socio-economic causes and consequences and, on the other hand, the politico-institutional causes and NAPTIP, in its 2018 Report, confirms that the largest number of victims rescued outside of Nigeria were rescued from Libya and are from Edo State. Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation/slavery, forced labour, forced marriage, rituals, etcetera. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. That figure is now on the decline, as Nigerians are no longer within the top ten nationalities of arrivals by land or sea in 2019. The inhumane conditions that trafficked persons are subjected to leads to mental, emotional and psychological trauma. The recent scourge of unsafe migration has highlighted Nigeria’s challenges in this area, with one former Nigerian Permanent Representative to the United Nations (Mr. Martin Uhomoibhi) contending in June 2017 that in 2016 alone, 602,000 Nigerians endeavoured to migrate to Europe via the Sahara Desert. According to statistics by the U.S. Department of State, globally, 2 million children are trafficked into the sex trade each year. Most traffickers recruit their victims between the ages of 6 to 24, because a young victim will easily succumb to force and give in. The EU is currently negotiating a readmission agreement with Nigeria that would force repatriations. Human trafficking poses detrimental economic and social consequences in Nigeria. When a person doesn’t know better, it is quite easy to deceive such a person. Women and girls are taken for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation/slavery, and domestic servitude. Women (and also children) are often viewed as objects that can be sold. Citizens of countries plagued by violent conflict, most times, seek to escape the tension boiling in their nations, and human traffickers play on this and provide opportunities for these citizens to flee from these conflicts. Human trafficking is the fastest-growing form of slavery. In 2017, that number decreased to 15.5% of total migrants arriving Italy (119,000) in light of the numerous efforts made by Italy and the European Union to stem the flow of migrants from Libya. Keywords: Human, Trafficking, Nigeria, National Image, Moral Appraisal Introduction Human trafficking is defined in international law as “the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of However, the difference between the two, is those who are sexually trafficked are subjected to the same, constant injuries due to continuous prostitution for example. Citizens are attracted out of their home country because of a lack of opportunities, opportunities that present themselves elsewhere. Family members also driven by greed could influence the younger ones in the family, especially the young girls, to go outside the shores of the country and engage in illicit acts in order to make money. Majority of these men, sometimes, refuse to use protection on these women and girls, and this carelessness results in STDs and STIs. Trafficking of children is synonymous with exploitation child labour. ABSTRACT . Statistics for 2019 have yet to be released. Greed, the unquenchable desire for wealth at any cost, no matter how immoral, is also another cause of human trafficking. Fighting the menace requires a coordinated and concerted push from all stakeholders. United Kingdom: European Refugee Fund. The trafficking of illicit drugs poses a major risk to the life of the trafficker. Download Undergraduate Projects Topics and Materials Accounting, Economics, Education In addition, according to NAPTIP, 38.9% of all convictions in 2019 related to the procurement of persons for sexual exploitation, with 22.2% of convictions relating to foreign travel which promotes prostitution. In 2016, Nigerians accounted for about 21% of the total 181,000 migrants braving the Mediterranean to arrive into Italy. As of September 2019, a total of 14,849 Nigerians have received return, post arrival reception and reintegration assistance via the Joint Initiative. There are also adverse effects on the population of the countries involved. • Nigeria remains a source, transit and destination country when it comes to human trafficking. According to Mr. Uhomoibhi, 27,000 of these migrants died en route. • According to our preliminary research gleaned from hundreds of repatriating survivors of sex trafficking in Edo State, poverty remains the number one factor rendering women and girls vulnerable to sex trafficking. European nations, like Spain and Italy, are the major target of those fleeing the nation, and recently, it was discovered that Italy has the highest population of Nigerian’s victimized by human trafficking, with over 20,000 women and girls found to be prostituting on the streets of Italy. I. 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